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Authentication process

1) A cryptographic algorithm uses a cipher to encrypt and decrypt the plaintext messages.
A cryptographic algorithm uses a cipher to encrypt and decrypt the plaintext messages. A cipher is a mathematical function. The keys are the number or values that are used in this mathematical function or cipher.

2) The message is transmitted electronically.
The message is transmitted electronically. At the destination, the receiver uses the same mathematical function to produce a message digest.

3) Using the sender's public key, the receiver verifies that the message digest matches the decrypted signature.
Using the sender's public key, the receiver verifies that the message digest matches the decrypted signature. If they match, the receiver knows that the message came from the purported sender and that it has not been altered in transit.